What is MiCA?
MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets) is a comprehensive regulatory framework of the European Union designed to regulate the markets for crypto-assets, including stablecoins. The main goal of this legislative package is to preserve monetary stability within the EU, protect consumers, and ensure that innovation in the crypto space is responsible and safe. MiCA is also a message from the EU that it is ready to accept digital currencies, but with clearly defined rules of the game. This framework is the first of its kind globally, making it a crucial step in regulating the growing crypto market, while also seeking to reconcile innovation and supervision in the context of global financial stability.
Source: cointelegraph
Stablecoins under MiCA regulation
Stablecoins are a special type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value, usually pegged to traditional assets such as fiat currencies (e.g., USD, EUR), commodities (e.g., gold), or even other cryptocurrencies. The MiCA regulation introduces a clear demarcation between two types of stablecoins:
- Asset-Referenced Tokens (ARTs): These stablecoins rely on a mix of different assets, such as multiple currencies and commodities.
- Electronic Money Tokens (EMTs): These tokens are pegged to a single currency, similar to traditional electronic money.
To ensure stability and confidence, MiCA imposes strict requirements on stablecoins, including mandatory full liquidity reserve coverage and maintaining a 1:1 ratio with the underlying assets. In addition, international stablecoin issuers must use EU-authorized asset custodians and adapt their structures, such as Circle’s subsidiary in France that issues USDC within Europe. This regulation not only fosters security, but also lays the groundwork for the broader integration of stablecoins into the European financial system, balancing innovation and stability.
Source: cointelegraph
Ban on algorithmic stablecoins
One of the key provisions of the MiCA regulation is a complete ban on algorithmic stablecoins in the European Union. Unlike asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) and electronic money (EMTs), algorithmic stablecoins do not have clear reserves associated with traditional assets. Instead, their stability depends on complex algorithms and market mechanisms, making them vulnerable to market volatility.
MiCA does not recognize algorithmic stablecoins as legitimate forms of stablecoins because they lack tangible and clear support. This is why such cryptocurrency models, such as the former Terra/LUNA ecosystem that collapsed, are completely banned. This ban highlights the focus of MiCA regulation on financial stability and consumer protection, eliminating high-risk products from the European crypto ecosystem.
Source: cointelegraph
What are the requirements for stablecoins?
Companies that want to offer stablecoins on the EU market must meet a number of strict requirements prescribed by the MiCA regulation:
- Registration as an Electronic Money Institution (EMI) or Credit Institution (CI): Stablecoin issuers must be registered as an EMI or CI to ensure financial and operational compliance. An EMI license is required for the issuance of electronic money tokens (EMTs) or their public offering, whereas a CI license is mandatory for EMTs’ public offerings or their listing.
- Publication of a white paper: each issuer must publish a detailed document describing how the stablecoin works, what assets support it, the risks involved, and the structure of the business.
- Holding liquid reserves with a third party: stablecoins must be fully backed by real assets at a 1:1 ratio. These assets must be stored with a trusted third party to ensure the safety and trust of the user.
- Regular reporting on the value and composition of reserves: Transparency is key, so issuers must submit reports on a regular basis so that users and regulators have insight into the exact coverage of stablecoins.
- Digital Token Identifiers (DTIs): DTIs function like digital passports for stablecoins. They must be included in the white paper, providing information on which ledger the token is on and making it easier for regulators to track liabilities.
These requirements not only ensure the stability and transparency of stablecoins, but also allow regulators to monitor and manage risks in the crypto-asset market.
Source: cointelegraph
Is Tether (USDT) MiCA Compatible?
As the MiCA regulation seeks to increase transparency and consumer protection by requiring stablecoins, classified as EMTs, to hold licenses for credit or electronic money institutions and meet strict compliance standards, the question arises as to whether Tether (USDT) is compliant with these requirements. Currently, Tether has not fully met these criteria, leading to uncertainty about its legal status in the EU.
While some argue that USDT could face restrictions, others believe it could survive during the transition period mandated by MiCA. Juan Ignacio Ibañez, a member of the Technical Committee of the MiCA Crypto Alliance, emphasized that while regulators have not explicitly stated that USDT is not compliant, it also does not mean that it is. For example, Coinbase’s decision to remove USDT from the platform could be seen as a cautious move, but so far, there are no clear regulatory guidelines for other exchanges like Binance or Crypto.com to do the same.
While there is speculation on social media about the future of USDT in Europe, the reality is that MiCA allows for a transition period for USDT to remain on the market, but its availability and use are likely to be significantly limited.
Tether also supports the Maltese company StablR, which focuses on stablecoin projects such as the euro-backed StablR Euro (EURR) and the dollar-pegged StablR USD (USDR). These tokens use Tether’s Hadron tokenization platform, increasing the flexibility and accessibility of stablecoin transactions.
Despite these initiatives, MiCA compliance of USDT remains uncertain, and relevant regulators have yet to confirm whether USDT meets the requirements. Until then, claims of its compliance or potential ban remain unconfirmed.
Source: cointelegraph
What's Next for Stablecoins in the EU?
MiCA will significantly transform the crypto market in the EU by introducing strict compliance standards and banning algorithmic stablecoins. While this will pose a challenge for players like USDT, it opens up space for the development and growth of euro-denominated stablecoins and other tokens that meet regulatory requirements.
With these moves, the EU positions itself as a global leader in the regulation of crypto-assets, and sends a message about the importance of responsible and safe integration of innovations into the financial system. This approach could inspire other regions to follow a similar model, contributing to the creation of a unified and more secure global crypto ecosystem. Stablecoins that meet MiCA standards will not only thrive within the EU, but could also become key instruments in future global financial flows.
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